Euphemisms for Same-Gender Relations in the Holy Quran and their English Translations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v25i2.807Keywords:
euphemisms, same-gender relations, the Holy Quran, the people of LutAbstract
To support their argument about the position of Islam on same-gender relations, ‘Muslim’ proponents of these relations claim that there is no specific Arabic designation for these relations in the Holy Quran. Although it does not explicitly name them, the Quran addresses this topic euphemistically. This study aims to identify the Quranic euphemisms for same-gender relations and examine the Quranic strategies used for indicating them. Furthermore, it explores how these euphemisms were rendered in forty English translations of the meanings of the Quran. The findings reveal that particularization, metaphor, understatement, circumlocution and paraphrasing are the strategies used in the Quran to refer to same-gender relations. Most translators preserved the meaning of the Quranic euphemisms by producing similar euphemisms, established euphemisms in English, and occasionally, imprecise euphemisms. However, considering the controversy over the position of Islam on same-gender relations among Muslims, the study concludes that translators should strike a balance between politeness and clarity.
References
Al-ʿAskari, Abu Hilal. (1952). Al-Ṣinaʿatayn: Al-Kitaba wa al-shiʿr. Cairo: Dar Iḥyaʾ Al-Kutub Al-ʿArabiyya.
Al-Bahith al-Qurani. [Tafsir App]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://tafsir.app/
Al-Barakati, Mohammed. (2013). Translation of the sex-related Qur'ānic euphemism into English. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Leeds, Leeds, England.
Al-Barakati, Mohammed. (2019). ‘Translated Qurʾān euphemisms: Foreignised or domesticated?’. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, 6(1): 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/23306343.2018.1525820
Al-Jurjani, Abdel Qaher. (2004). Dala’il Al-I’jaaz. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji.
Al-Khatib, Mahmoud A. (2012). ‘Politeness in the Holy Quran: A sociolinguistic and pragmatic perspective’. Intercultural Pragmatics, 9(4): 479-509. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2012-0027
Al-Qahtani, Osama. (2017). Investigating the translation of euphemism in the Quran from Arabic into English. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England.
Al-Qahtani, Osama. (2020a). ‘Translation techniques applied in the translation of euphemisms for hardship in the Quran’. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11(6): 31-37.
https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.6p.31
Al-Qahtani, Osama. (2020b). ‘The translation of euphemisms for genitals in the Quran’. RAIS Journal for Social Sciences, 4(2): 66-70.
Al-Qayrawani, Abu Ali. (1981). Al-ʿUmda fī maḥasin al- shiʿr wa adabih wa naqdih. Beirut: Dar al-Jīl.
Al-Sharafi, Abdul Gabbar and Said Abu Khader. (2019). ‘Assessing the quality of the translation of sex-related euphemisms in the Holy Qur’an: A Pragmatic study’. Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures, 11(2): 167-192.
Al-Ṯaʿalibi, Abd al-Malek. (2000). Fiqh al-Lugha wa asrar al-ʿarabiyya. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya.
Amreen, Jamal M A. (2001). ‘The story of Lot and the Qur’an's perception of the morality of same-sex sexuality’. Journal of Homosexuality, 41(1): 1-88. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v41n01_01
Anis, Lubaba and Shehdeh Fareh. (2023). ‘Translating denial rhetorical questions in the Holy Quran: Reiss’ text typology perspective’. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 23(2): 37-60.
https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v23i2.452
El Menyawi, Hassan. (2012) ‘Same-Sex Marriage in Islamic law’. Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy, 2(2): 375–531.
Farghal, Mohammed. (1995). ‘Euphemism in Arabic: A Gricean interpretation’. Anthropological Linguistics, 37(3): 366-378.
Farghal, Mohammed. (2005). ‘Arabic euphemism in English translation’. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 6(1): 57-70. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.6.1.5
Habib, Samer. (2009). Islam and Homosexuality. London: Bloomsbury Publishing
Holder, R. W. (2008). How Not to Say What You Mean: Dictionary of Euphemisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hudson, Richard. (2000). Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hugh, Rawson. (1981). A Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk. New York: Crown Publishers.
Ibn Qutayba, Abdallah. (1996). ʿUyun al-akhbar. Cairo: Dār Al-Kutub.
Jahangir, Junaid and Hussein Abdullatif. (2016). Islamic Law and Muslim Same-sex Unions. Lanham: Lexington Books.
Kugle, Scott Siraj al-Haqq. (2003). ‘Sexuality, diversity, and ethics in the agenda of progressive Muslims’. In Omar Safi (ed.), Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism, 190-234. London: Oneworld Publications
McArthur, Tom, Jacqueline Lam-McArthur and Lise Fontaine. (1992). The Oxford Companion of the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Murray, Stephen O. and Will Roscoe. (1997). Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature. New York: New York University Press.
Olimat, Sameer Naser. (2018). ‘Developing a model for translating euphemism in the Qur’an: An intratextual-and contextual-based approach’. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(6): 101-111.
https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.101
Warren, Beatrice. (1992). ‘What euphemisms tell us about the interpretation of words.’ Studia Linguistica, 46(2): 128-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1992.tb00833.x