Challenges of ELT during the New Normal: A Case Study of Malaysia, Turkey and Palestine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.23.1.20Keywords:
COVID-19, ELT, online teaching, online learning, perceptions, New NormalAbstract
Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, which has since proved to be a pandemic of variants, the educational landscape has undergone a drastic transformation as educational institutions across the globe have shifted en masse into online learning, resulting in an unprecedented paradigm shift from on-campus face-to-face instruction to a remote teaching model. Pivotal and timely, this applied linguistic survey research, aimed to investigate this “forced immersion” into academic cyberspace and the challenges created by this “emergency adoption” of virtual education by exploring 50 English language faculty members’ experiences, challenges and perceptions of three universities in three different countries. The study sought to identify and document (1) the effectiveness of online teaching, (2) the difficulties of its implementation, (3) student interaction and engagement in the online environment, and (4) factors that could enhance its efficacy. The study employed a descriptive quantitative research approach. The study concluded that the success of online distance learning is contingent on several issues. This case study provides educators and educational leaders, based on the expressed perceptions and needs of faculty, with pedagogical insights, which could be of significance to institutional strategic planning and professional development. The study generates knowledge related to applied linguistic and educational research and furthers our understanding of the challenges of online learning.
References
Adnan, Muhammad and Kainat Anwar. (2020). ‘Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students perspectives’. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.2020261309.
Braun, Virginia and Victoria Clarke. (2006). ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2): 77-101.
Bryman, Alan. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brandt, Scott. (1996, February, 27). Teaching the net: Innovative techniques in Internet training. Paper
presented at the 11th Annual Computers in Business Conference, Washington, DC. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 412 975)
Bates, Tony. (2020). ‘Online learning for beginners: 1. What is online learning?’
https://www.tonybates.ca/2016/07/15/online-learningfor-beginners-1-what-is-online-learning/
Bao, Wei. (2020). ‘COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking
University’. Hum Behav & Emerg Tech. 2:113–115. DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.191
Charles, C. M. (1998). Introduction to Educational Research. Springfield, MA: Addison Wesley
Longman.
Chahkandi, Fateme. (2021). ‘Online pandemic: Challenges of EFL faculty in the design and
implementation of online teaching amid the COVID-19 outbreak’. Foreign Language Research Journal, 10(4), 706-721. DOI: 10.22059/JFLR.2021.313652.774
Creswell, John and David Creswell. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fifth edition. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Chiasson, Kari, Katherine Terras and Kathy Smart. (2015). ‘Faculty perceptions of moving a face-to- face course to online instruction’. Journal of College Teaching & Learning 12(3): 231-240.
Dörnyei, Zoltan. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Evans, et al. (2020). Teaching under lockdown: The experiences of London English teachers. Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, 27(3): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684X.2020.1779030.
Eriksson, Elisabeth, Lisa Boistrup and Robert Thornberg. (2018). ‘A qualitative study of primary teachers’ classroom feedback rationales’. Educational Research, 60 (2): 189-205, DOI: 10.1080/00131881.2018.1451759.
Etikan, et al. (2016). ‘Comparison of
convenience sampling and purposive sampling’. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1): 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
Frazer, Christine, Debra Sullivan, Deborah Weatherspoon and Leslie Hussey. (2017). ‘Faculty perceptions of online teaching effectiveness and indicators of quality’. Nursing Research and Practice Volume 2017: 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9374189.
Farrah, Mohammed and Ghaidaa Al-Bakri. (2020). ‘Online learning for EFL students in Palestinian universities during corona pandemic: Advantages, challenges and solutions’. Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 3(2): 65-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/ijli.v3i2.3677
Huang, et al. (2020). Handbook on Facilitating Flexible Learning During Educational Disruption: The Chinese Experience in Maintaining Undisrupted Learning in COVID-19 Outbreak. Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University.
Jamlan, Muain. (2004). ‘Faculty opinions towards introducing e-learning at the University of Bahrain’. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5 (2): 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v5i2.185.
Johnson, Scott, Steven Aragon and Najmuddin Shaik. (2000). ‘Comparative analysis of learner satisfaction and learning outcomes in online and face-to-face learning environments’. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11(1): 29-49.
Lederman, Doug. (2020). ‘Most teaching is going remote. Will that help or hurt online learning?’ Inside Higher Ed, 1-24. McIntyre, (1999).
Mardiah, Henny. (2020). ʻThe use of e-learning to teach English in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic’. English Teaching and Linguistics Journal, 1(2), 49–55.
Mishra, Lokanath, Tushar Gupta and Abha Shree. (2020). ‘Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 Pandemic’. International Journal of Educational Research Open 1 (2020) 100012.
Nunan, David. (1992). Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pokhrel, Sumitra and Roshan Chhetri. (2021). ‘A literature on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning’. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1): 133–141. DOI: 10.1177/2347631120983481.
Ramli, Khalilah, Aladdin Assaiqeli, Nor Azmi Mostafa and Charanjit Singh. (2022). ‘Gender perceptions of benefits and challenges of online learning in ESL classroom during COVID-19’. Studies in English Language and Education (SiELE), 9(2): 613-631.
Saville-Troike, Muriel. (2006). Introducing Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Singh, Vandana and Alexander Thurman. (2019). ‘How many ways can we define online learning? A Systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018).” American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4): 289-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2019.1663082.
Wingo, Nancy Pope, Nataliya Ivankova and Jacqueline Moss. (2017). ‘Faculty perceptions about teaching online: exploring the literature using the technology acceptance model as an organizing framework’. Online Learning, 21(1): 15-35. doi: 10.10.24059/olj.v21i1.761.
Walters, Shelly, Kenda Grover, Ronna Turner and Jackson Alexander. (2017). ‘Faculty perceptions related to teaching online: A starting point for designing faculty development initiatives’. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 18(4): 4-19. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.340365.
Zboun, Jomana and Mohammed Farrah. (2021). ‘Students' perspectives of online language learning during Corona pandemic: Benefits and challenges.” Indonesian EFL Journal (IEFLJ), 7(1): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v7i1.3986.